For many people today, the idea of waking up in the middle of the night sounds like a problem. However, history tells us that this wasn’t always the case.
In fact, biphasic sleep—sleeping in two distinct periods—was a common practice for centuries. If you’ve ever wondered “Did people used to do biphasic sleep?” the answer is a resounding yes. This natural sleep pattern has deep historical roots and may even offer benefits for modern life.
What Is Biphasic Sleep?
Biphasic sleep refers to the pattern of dividing one’s sleep into two segments. Unlike the typical modern sleep schedule where we aim for one continuous 7-8 hour stretch, biphasic sleepers rest in two phases—often with a period of wakefulness in between.
Historically, this first phase was known as the “first sleep,” followed by a waking period of an hour or more, and then a “second sleep.” During this waking window, people would pray, meditate, read, write, or even visit neighbors. Far from being considered insomnia, this was seen as normal and healthy.
A Glimpse into the Past: Did People Used to Do Biphasic Sleep?
Yes, people did practice biphasic sleep—especially in pre-industrial Europe. Historical texts from the 16th to 18th centuries frequently reference “first sleep” and “second sleep” as routine elements of daily life. For example, in Roger Ekirch’s book At Day’s Close: Night in Times Past, he presents over 500 references from diaries, court records, and literature showing that segmented sleep was widely practiced and accepted.
It wasn’t until the late 19th century, with the advent of artificial lighting and the rise of industrial work schedules, that this pattern began to fade. Electric lights extended the day, shrinking the window for natural rest and encouraging the now-common practice of sleeping in one long stretch.
Is Biphasic Sleep Better?
While modern lifestyles often require consolidated nighttime rest, some experts believe that biphasic or segmented sleep aligns more closely with our circadian rhythms. Short naps or nighttime breaks may reduce sleep inertia (the groggy feeling upon waking) and can improve focus and creativity.
Studies also suggest that biphasic sleep may improve memory consolidation and lower stress levels. A short nap in the afternoon, for example, has been shown to enhance cognitive function and mood. In fact, in many cultures—such as in Spain with the siesta—biphasic sleep remains culturally significant.
Why Did We Stop Practicing Biphasic Sleep?
Industrialization played a major role. With factory schedules requiring early wake-ups and longer work hours, people began to prioritize a single sleep phase to align with societal demands. The invention of electric lights made it possible to stay active long after the sun went down, which compressed and shifted our sleep timing.
Urban environments also contributed to the shift. City life meant more noise, less time for relaxation, and fewer opportunities to enjoy a quiet break in the middle of the night. Over time, the concept of waking up at 2 or 3 a.m. became associated with sleep disorders rather than natural rhythms.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is waking up in the middle of the night unhealthy?
Not necessarily. If you wake up briefly and feel calm, it’s often just a natural cycle. In historical biphasic sleep, the mid-wake period was considered productive and peaceful. However, if waking disrupts your daily function or causes stress, it may be worth exploring sleep hygiene improvements.
Can biphasic sleep help with insomnia?
For some, yes. Embracing biphasic sleep can reduce anxiety over nighttime awakenings. Understanding that segmented sleep was once normal can help you feel more relaxed and less panicked if you wake up in the night.
How can I try biphasic sleep today?
Start by allowing yourself to rest early (around 9–10 p.m.) and observe your body’s natural patterns. If you wake up in the early morning hours, try using the time for calming activities rather than forcing yourself back to sleep immediately. You can also incorporate a short afternoon nap into your routine if your schedule allows.
Final Thoughts
Biphasic sleep isn’t just a historical curiosity—it may offer valuable insights into how our bodies naturally function. While it may not fit every lifestyle, recognizing that people used to do biphasic sleep can ease anxiety and help you explore more personalized, restorative rest patterns.
As we continue learning about sleep science, it’s worth considering whether our ancestors knew something we’ve forgotten.
Have you ever experienced waking up in the middle of the night and feeling completely alert? Maybe your body is trying to return to a more natural rhythm. If you’ve experimented with biphasic sleep, share your story below!
